| Speckle Divergence | |
Local speckle characteristics can provide a texture layer that highlights built-up areas. Local deviation from the fully developed speckle—speckle divergence Dx,y increases with a rising amount of true structures within the resolution cell. The variation of structures leads to a local heterogeneity that gives urban areas a very specific and distinct appearance in SAR images.
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T. Esch and A. Roth, “Semi-automated classification of urban areas by means of high resolution radar data,” in Proc. ISPRS Congr., 2004, pp. 478– 482.
M. Stasolla and P. Gamba, “Spatial indexes for the extraction of formal and informal human settlements from high-resolution SAR images,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 98–106, Jun. 2008.